Effect of gap lenghts of sphere-sphere electrodes on air breakdown level under lightning impulse

Impinging jets are a best method of achieving particularly high heat transfer coefficient and are therefore employed in many engineering applications. In this study we seek to understand the mechanism of the distributed heat on the curve surface with the goal of identifying preferred methods to predicting jet performance. The goals that have been achieved in the numerical results displayed are determine the influence of impingement jet characteristics on thermal and flow field on a curve surface, determine the variation of Nusselt numbers (NuD) along the curve surface in order to understand the heat transfer characteristics and study the effect of position (in the center, in the mid and in the end) and angle (α=90°, 60° and 30°) of jet impingement on curve surface, different Reynolds numbers (ReD) in range of (5000, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000). The program, which was extracted results it is (GAMBIT 2.4.6) and (FLUENT 6.3), simulation is (2-D) in submerged jet flow and the continuity, momentum and energy equations were solved by means of a finite volume method (FVM). This study covers the effect of different Reynolds numbers (ReD) on average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg) and local Nusselt numbers (NuD). From the result, the average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg) increased with the increase of Reynolds numbers (ReD) for all cases, in comparison between different positions (center, mid and end), of nozzle on curve surface at angle (α=90°) the maximum value of average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg=388.3) is found when the nozzle locate in the end followed by the mid position and smallest value of average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg=182.25) in the center of curve surface. In case of slant angle (α=60º) the maximum value of average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg=387.47) is found when the nozzle locate in the end followed by the mid position and smallest value of average Nusselt numbers (Nuavg=308.3) in the center of curve surface

Capital market products and investor protection

Consumer protection is an important issue in the commercial domain. In particular, consumer goods and services should receive protection. This study deals with consumer securities protection. Consumer securities protection has been applied in the US because of the financial crisis and fraud. Indonesia has experienced a huge case of financial fraud that involved the Bank Century-Antaboga. This article shows that a separate surveillance on the financial industry weakens, instead of integrating, this particular industry. Moreover, the role of authority is influential in governing the banking-securities industry. The Bank Century-Antaboga case shows a factual absence of disclosure in offering and selling securities instruments. Bapepam-LK should play its role in applying the disclosure principle. Otherwise, the Bank Century-Antaboga case will occur again.peer-reviewe

Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities of Chemical Constituents of Ophiorrhiza and Hedyotis Species

Chemical investigation on the leaves of Ophiorrhiza species, O. communis and O. tomentosa, has resulted in the isolation of two indole type alkaloids, harman and strictosidinic acid. Strictosidinic acid was isolated from the butanol extract of both Ophiorrhiza communis and O. tomentosa while harman was isolated from O. communis only. The structures of these alkaloids were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques such as UV, IR, NMR, MS and also by comparison with the literature. A study on the constituents of Hedyotis verticil lata has resulted in the isolation of kaempferitrin and Hv2 whereas from Hedyotis herbacea, kaempferol-3-0-rutinoside, ursolic acid, kaempferol-3-0-arabinopyranoside and quercetin galactoside were isolated. These structures were determined using modern spectroscopic techniques and also by comparison with the literature. A bioassay was also carried out using brine shrimp and anti bacterial tests on the pure and crude compounds. The brine shrimp tests showed that some of the compounds were very toxic whereas the anti-bacterial tests showed that some compounds have anti-bacterial properties and certainly these compounds have potential for further investigations for their medicinal and practical uses

The effect soil moisture on grain losses of harvesting paddy in mechanization: case study / Amir Hamzah Ahmad

The effect of paddy fields soil moisture on grain loss in mechanized rice harvesting were assessed in 1 ha of paddy field area located in Sawah Kundang, Telok Rimba, Sungai Mati, Ledang, Johor. Total of 25 randomized samples from 5 blocks were assessed in this study. An average of soil moisture content and grain loss for each blocks were measured. The findings of study give indicate that there is a positive strong relationship between paddy fields soil moisture on grain loss. The recommended soil moisture contents was 16.42% since at this level of moisture content, the grain loss is 0.99% or recorded as the lowest amount of losses. Such as grain loss only contributes to harvesting losses of RM 11.88/ha. Meanwhile, increasing paddy fields soil moisture at 21.69% have lead 1.35% of grain loss, which is considered as the largest amount of losses in this study. With this amount of grain loss, the harvesting losses increased up to RM 16.20/ha. A simple mathematical model was also successfully developed through this study. To reduce grain loss in mechanized harvesting, the farmers should maintain well-drainage or water management in their paddy field before the harvesting process commences

Nitrogen Fixation and Plant Growth Enhancement by Beneficial Rhizobacteria in Association with Oil Palm Seedlings

Nitrogen fertilizer is the most expensive nutrient input in oil palm production with average total estimated cost amounting to RM 470 million yea(l. Rapid losses of N fertilizer through leaching further increases the cost on palm oil production and. makes the sector less profitable. Recently there is a new finding about an associated N2 fixing rhizobacteria which could be applied to the oil palm seedling production sector. The beneficial rhizobacteria has been reported to be efficient in N2 fixation and stimulates plant growth, thus could be used as a biofertilizer and bioenhancer, respectively, for various leguminous and non-leguminous crops. Therefore, a series of experiments were carried out to estimate the N2 fixing capacity of the rhizobacteria and to observe the effects of inoculation on growth and development of the associated oil palm seedlings. Results from the initial experiment indicated that Azospirillum could contribute 40% of the total N requirement of oil palm plantlets through N2 fixation process, stimulated total dry matter accumulation and root growth, stimulated uptake and higher concentration of N and K and increased the host photosynthetic rates compared to the control, after 120 days of planting (D120). The subsequent pot experiment (glasshouse experiment, harvested after 130, 260 and 390 days of planting (D130, D260 and D390)) demonstrated the potential of Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 and locally isolated Bacillus sphaericus UPMB 1 0 and Bacillus subtilis UPMB 13 as a biofertilizer for oil palm seedlings through N2 fixation (25-50% Ndf

The Development of Transport Request System in SAP using ABAP Language

A transport request is a process of transferring SAP system components from one system to another and the components to be transported are specified in the object list of a transport request. Current transport request process is using hardcopy form that is printed with the details about the requester, the change request and change request id. The usage of the form rise problems that include the problem on storage and filing the forms, standardizing the form structure, and the process is not easy to monitor and analyze. The purpose of the study is to develop a system in SAP that can cater for change request transportation to different client server where the system is fully integrated with all SAP functionality and can overcome all problems that rise from the used of hardcopy form. Manual paper-based process is transformed into automate-based process that is integrated within SAP. The boundary for the study is within transport architecture in SAP and the transport architecture focus on two system environment with several clients. ABAP programming is used as the programming language to develop the entire graphical user interface including screen, and analysis. The implementation of the project involves identification of the business process flow analysis on the SAP transport architecture, designing and creating database tables and graphical user interface, developing program code for screens and analysis, and running program testing that includes subsystem, integration and system testing. The system is be able to cater for all user requirements in term of requesting a transport request, communication between requester and approver, perform transport process, and generates analysis for the management

Covariance Bounds Analysis during Intermittent Measurement for EKF-based SLAM

This paper deals with Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)-based SLAM estimation considering intermittent measurement. The study proposes a method to ensure that a designer is able to secure the state covariance or system uncertainties even though the mobile robot sometimes losses its measurement data during its observations. EKF which is based on Bayesian, is chosen in this work for estimation purposes in determining mobile robot position and the environment conditions. In addition, as most of estimation techniques uses Bayesian method, our propose results is expected to provide a general estimation guidelines especially on the filter statistical behavior. The analysis started from the review of theoretical studies of EKF including the expected condition occurred when mobile robot do not received information from its sensors. Simulation results have consistently supports our theoretical analysis which determines that a designer can determine the state error covariance explicitly whenever measurement data is not available.&nbsp

Pelancongan Bandar Diraja: Satu Pola Kunjungan Pelancong Domestik di Kuala Kangsar

Pelancongan Bandar Diraja merupakan salah satu produk pelancongan yang semakin mendapat tempat dalam kalangan pelancong domestik di Malaysia. Produk pelancongan merupakan aset penting dalam melengkapkan sesebuah destinasi pelancongan. Kini, Malaysia turut menerima kesan positif menerusi pembangunan pelancongan Bandar Diraja kerana keunikan dan tarikan utamanya telah menjadikan ia salah satu destinasi pelancongan bagi pelancong domestik dan antarabangsa. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti cirian kunjungan berdasarkan segmen pelancong domestik ke Bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar. Teknik pensampelan secara kebetulan digunakan bagi sampel kajian sebanyak 500 pelancong. Data kajian diperoleh melalui edaran borang soal selidik di Bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar, Perak yang melibatkan tiga zon berbeza iaitu di sekitar kawasan bangunan bersejarah seperti muzium, galeri dan arkib serta di masjid, kawasan lembah Sungai Perak dan tapak-tapak pesta di kawasan Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Kangsar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan ketara dalam cirian kunjungan daripada segmen pelancong domestik. Pelancong domestik menunjukkan bahawa terdapat kunjungan bagi kelima-lima tapak pewartaan yang ada. Dari aspek keperluan perkhidmatan juga menunjukkan pola sama bagi kesemua pelancong yang mengunjungi Bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar

Persepsi Guru Terhadap Profesion Perguruan Masa Kini: Satu Tinjauan Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Di Daerah Pasir Mas, Kelantan

Sejak kebelakangan ini, profesion perguruan ditimpa pelbagai masalah dan perkara yang negatif. Tidak kiralah mengenai sistem pengurusannya atau mengenai guru itu sendiri. Persoalannya, mungkinkah fenomena ini memberi kesan yang negatif atau sebaliknya ke atas tanggapan guru yang sememangnya terlibat secara langsung dalam profesion perguruan. Untuk itu, satu kajian tinjauan telah dijalankan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi guru itu sendiri terhadap profesion perguruan masa kini. Seramai 100 orang responden yang terdiri daripada guru yang mengajar di tiga buah sekolah menengah di daerah Pasir Mas dijadikan sampel kajian. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah soal selidik. Keputusan kajian mendapati bahawa guru - guru memandang tinggi akan profesion perguruan pada masa kini dari segi komitmen tugas, dan sumbangan yang telah di berikan. Tetapi guru menganggap bahawa beban tugas guru kini semakin bertambah. PENGENALAN Profesion perguruan adalah bidang yang memberi perkhidmatan yang unik., tetap dan diperlukan oleh masyarakat. Keunikannya hanya akan dirasai dan diketahui oleh mereka yang terlibat dalam profesion ini. Hanya warga profesion perguruan sahaja yang berkemampuan memberi perkhidmatan pendidikan terbaik kepada masyarakat yang mana memberi kesan yang besar terhadap perkembangan personaliti, mental dan fizikal setiap insan (Noran Fauziah dan Ahmad Mahdzan, 1993)

PENGARUH SOLUTION TREATMENT DAN ARTIFIAL AGING TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIS DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO PADUAN ALUMINIUM A383

PENGARUH SOLUTION TREATMENT DAN ARTIFIAL AGING TERHADAP SIFATMEKANIS DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO PADUAN ALUMINIUM A38